語学学校授業~医療英語~

Day19 Endocrine system

Excess and deficiency

  • Hormones cause a wide range of medical conditions.
    1. excess – too much ex. hyperthyroidism
      • Something which inhibits the production of hormones is needed.
    2. deficiency (adj=deficient) – too little ex. hypothyroidism
      • Replacement therapy is needed.

Negative feedbeck system

1hypothalamus
2pituitary
3thyroid
4bloodstream
5TRH
(thyrotrophin-releasing hormone)
6TSH
(thyroid-stimulating hormone)
7T4 (thyroxine)
T3 (triiodothyronine)
8negative feedbeck
  1. TRH
    • – is secreted セクリィティッド in the hypothalamus.
    • triggers the production of TSH.
  2. TSH
    • stimulate the TSH receptor in the thyroid.
    • – increases synthesis シィンthェシィス of both T4 and T3.
    • – release stored hormones.
  3. T3
    • feed back on the pituitary and hypothalamus to inhibit secreation of TRH and TSH.

Goiter

An enlarged thyroid is called a goiter : 甲状腺腫

  • The enlargement may be
    1. diffuse ディフュース – involving most of the gland
      • a palpable thrill – vibration felt with the hand
      • a audible bruit – noise heard through a stethoscope
    2. localized – limited to a particular area, as in a solitary nodule ジュル : 小瘤

Major endocrine glands

1pineal gland 松果体 – melatonin
2pituitary gland 脳下垂体 – TRH, GH, IGF-1
3thyroid gland – T3, T4
parathyroid gland – PTH (regulate calcium)
4thymus 胸腺 – thymopoietin
5adrenal gland 副腎 – adrenaline
6pancreas – insulin
7ovary – estrogen, progesterone
8testis – testosterone

Today’s new words

EnglishJapanese
synthesis合成
gland
diffuse (adj)広がった、拡散した
solitary一つの、孤立した
endocrinologist内分泌学者
overactive活動しすぎる
palpitation動悸
heat intolerance熱不耐
fine tremor微小振戦

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