語学学校授業~医療英語~

Day18 Blood

Blood compoents

1plasma
water, irons, proteins, nutrients
wastes, gases
2cells
3leukosyte/white blood cells
-defend the body against diseases
4thrombocyte/platelets
-stop bleeding
5erythrosyte/red blood cells
-carry oxygen, nutrient…
Technical nameEtymologyCommon name
Leukocyte ルゥコォサイトLeuko- + -cyte = (white cell)White blood cell
ErythrocyteリィスロサイトErythro- + -cyte = (red cell)Red blood cell
Thrombocyte thロンボサイトThrombo- + -cyte = (clot cell)Platelet

Blood vocabulary

verbmeaningex.
activateto cause, to come alive, to startYour immune system becomes activated
when it detectes a harmful virus or bacterium.
burstto explode 破裂するInstead of allowing bacteria to live,
the body cause them to burst.
centrifuge
セントリフュージ
to spin until a liquid breaks
into its parts 遠心分離する
Blood is centrifuged to separate it into its componants.
coagulateto become thick 凝固するAfter you cut your self, blood begins to thicken,
or coagulate at the location of the cut.
lineto cover the inside 満たすTo protect the stomach from acid,
an alkaline mucus lines the stomach.
overwhelmto make unbearable, to weaken
耐えられない、参らされる
When you are sick, your body defenses are
overwhelmed by all the germs.
penetrateto enter through a barrier such as skinIt is difficult for bacteria to penetrate the skin.
recycleto use againInstead of being destroyed,
the iron in old blood cells is recycled.
tagto label, identify or nameTo know which viruses to destroy, the body has to tag them before it can destroy them.

Blood disease

related to erythrocyte/red blood cell

  • anemia : 貧血
    1. Patients feels very tired and cold and looks pale.
    2. The blood is not carrying enough oxygen.
    3. There are many different kinds of anemia, depending on the cause.
    4. Sicke cell animia
      • Patients have abnormally shaped hemglobin.
      • Inherited and there is no cure.
      • Sickle cells tend to cluster and block blood flow.
      • ↑ This leads to extreme pain and a lack of oxgen for normal activity.

related to leukocyte/white blood cell

  • leukemia : 白血病
    1. A cancer of the white blood cells.
    2. There are many type of leukemia.
    3. lymphocytic leukemiaリンホシィティック
      • Lymphocytes are produced in too large a quantity and do not mature.
      • These cancerous cells overwhelm the bloodstream and the bone marrow, preventing normal production of blood cells.
      • The best solution is a bone marrow transplant.
  • type of leukosyte
cellsfunction
basophils ベイソフィルズ
eosinophils イオシィノフィルズ
trigger inflammation
lymphocytesproduce antibodies
monocytes
neutrophils ニュートロフィルズ
eat bacteria

related to thrombocyte/platelet

  • hemophilia : 血友病
    1. Patients lacks the ability to make “coagulation factors” (=molecules involve in coagulation)
    2. The blood is not able to coagulate properly.
    3. An inherited disease.
    4. There are several types of hemophilia.
    5. Patients must take an artificially produced coagulation factor.

Today’s new words

EnglishJapanese
mucus粘液
cluster(V)集まる
inherited遺伝性の
scabかさぶた
nucleic acid ニュークィック核酸
nutrient (可算名詞)栄養物
nutrition (不可算名詞)栄養摂取

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