Blood compoents

1 | plasma water, irons, proteins, nutrients wastes, gases |
2 | cells |
3 | leukosyte/white blood cells -defend the body against diseases |
4 | thrombocyte/platelets -stop bleeding |
5 | erythrosyte/red blood cells -carry oxygen, nutrient… |
Technical name | Etymology | Common name |
Leukocyte ルゥコォサイト | Leuko- + -cyte = (white cell) | White blood cell |
Erythrocyte エリィスロサイト | Erythro- + -cyte = (red cell) | Red blood cell |
Thrombocyte thロンボサイト | Thrombo- + -cyte = (clot cell) | Platelet |
Blood vocabulary
verb | meaning | ex. |
activate | to cause, to come alive, to start | Your immune system becomes activated when it detectes a harmful virus or bacterium. |
burst | to explode 破裂する | Instead of allowing bacteria to live, the body cause them to burst. |
centrifuge セントリフュージ | to spin until a liquid breaks into its parts 遠心分離する | Blood is centrifuged to separate it into its componants. |
coagulate | to become thick 凝固する | After you cut your self, blood begins to thicken, or coagulate at the location of the cut. |
line | to cover the inside 満たす | To protect the stomach from acid, an alkaline mucus lines the stomach. |
overwhelm | to make unbearable, to weaken 耐えられない、参らされる | When you are sick, your body defenses are overwhelmed by all the germs. |
penetrate | to enter through a barrier such as skin | It is difficult for bacteria to penetrate the skin. |
recycle | to use again | Instead of being destroyed, the iron in old blood cells is recycled. |
tag | to label, identify or name | To know which viruses to destroy, the body has to tag them before it can destroy them. |
Blood disease
related to erythrocyte/red blood cell
- anemia : 貧血
- Patients feels very tired and cold and looks pale.
- The blood is not carrying enough oxygen.
- There are many different kinds of anemia, depending on the cause.
- Sicke cell animia
- Patients have abnormally shaped hemglobin.
- Inherited and there is no cure.
- Sickle cells tend to cluster and block blood flow.
- ↑ This leads to extreme pain and a lack of oxgen for normal activity.

related to leukocyte/white blood cell
- leukemia : 白血病
- A cancer of the white blood cells.
- There are many type of leukemia.
- lymphocytic leukemiaリンホシィティック
- Lymphocytes are produced in too large a quantity and do not mature.
- These cancerous cells overwhelm the bloodstream and the bone marrow, preventing normal production of blood cells.
- The best solution is a bone marrow transplant.
- type of leukosyte
cells | function |
basophils ベイソフィルズ eosinophils イオシィノフィルズ | trigger inflammation |
lymphocytes | produce antibodies |
monocytes neutrophils ニュートロフィルズ | eat bacteria |
related to thrombocyte/platelet
- hemophilia : 血友病
- Patients lacks the ability to make “coagulation factors” (=molecules involve in coagulation)
- The blood is not able to coagulate properly.
- An inherited disease.
- There are several types of hemophilia.
- Patients must take an artificially produced coagulation factor.
Today’s new words
English | Japanese |
mucus | 粘液 |
cluster(V) | 集まる |
inherited | 遺伝性の |
scab | かさぶた |
nucleic acid ニュークレィック | 核酸 |
nutrient (可算名詞) | 栄養物 |
nutrition (不可算名詞) | 栄養摂取 |
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