Cough
There are 2 type of cough ↓
- productivecough – patients cough up phlegmフレム/sputum, loose
- mucoid – clear and white phlegm/sputum
- purulent – yellow due to pus 膿
- blood-stained/hemoptysis
- non-productivecough – no phlegm/sputum, dry
Ascultation

Dr
Please breathe in and breathe out.
Please inhale and exhale.
Please inspire and expire.
【Sounds】
- crackles クラックルズ – 水泡音。ブツブツ、プツプツ、バチバチ, caused by fluid in the lungs.
- wheezes – 喘鳴。ゼーゼー, caused by narrowing airways.
- pleural rub プルゥラル – 強膜摩擦音, caused when pleural 胸膜の surfaces are inflamed.
Vocal resonance レゾナンス- 声帯共鳴
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